5. Sources of Information concerning Hauraki Iwi Histories

Here is a preliminary list of published and unpublished sources containing information and knowledge relevant to Hauraki iwi histories and traditions. 

Unpublished Documents and Manuscripts

  1. 'Account of the Emigration of the Maoris from Hawaiki' by Hoani Nahe, Auckland Library, Manuscripts and Archives, NZMS713
  2. 'A story of patupaiarehe [fairy-like people] on Moehau.' by George Grey. Auckland Library, Manuscripts and Archives, GNZMSS7 (Concerns the patupaiarehe living on Moehau mountain, and an encounter with them by Ngati Rongou (or Ngati Rongoi) in the time of their chief, Matatahi. One copy, incomplete, is in the hand of Grey; the other, complete, is probably written by John White. For transcription and translation, see M. Orbell, 'Traditional Maori Stories', 1992, pp.11-14. A legend concerning patupaiarehe/patuparehe that ...)
  3. 'Deed of sale, 1841 May 28, Ngati Paoa, vendor, George Clarke, purchaser on behalf of the Queen, of the Kohimarama block, Auckland district' Auckland Library, Manuscripts and Archives, NZMS511 (Photocopy from the original in Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington. Deed of sale in Maori (with English translation) describes the land; gives the boundary, beginning at Kohimarama going on to Waiparera . . .[lists the place names] and ending at Kohimarama; and sets out the payments - horses, blankets etc. Original signed (or with marks) by Puhata, Paratene Tauware, Maka Ware, Hauauru, Rawiri ...)
  4. 'Deed of sale, being land at Taupo (Okeno), Herua (Te Kahukoti) to William James Lewington, for goods (specified). Signed and witnessed. 13.2.1839.' Auckland Library, Manuscripts and Archives, NZMS722 (Manuscript in Maori, with typed translation to English and a note about the location of the land, historical context and those still resident there. Agreement by Herua or Te Kahukoti, a Ngati Paoa chief, to give over, to sell, his land at Taupo or Okeno, to the Pakeha known as Te Putene, William James Lewington, 13 February 1839. Gives the boundaries of the land ... listing the place names across ...)
  5. 'Genealogical chart for the Marutuahu tribes of Hauraki' by George Graham, Auckland Library, Manuscripts and Archives, NZMS151, 151A
  6. 'Letter to the Governor, written at Katikati' by Taraia Ngakuti of Ngāti Tamaterā, undated. Auckland Library, Manuscripts and Archives, GNZMA594
  7. 'Letter to Governor Grey written at Coromandel' by Te Hōreta Te Taniwha, 21 April 1851. Auckland Library, Manuscripts and Archives GNZMA 591. (Greets him with affection. Refers to hearing of war and says there will be no war and that this is a message of peace, adding that there will be no fighting between him [Grey] and Ngati Paoa. Reiterates his message of peace.)
  8. ‘Marutuahu’, a manuscript by Tukumana Te Taniwha of Ngāti Whanaunga. Auckland Museum, MS120-M98.
  9. 'Ngati-Paoa invasion of Auckland, 1851. Copy of notes in respect of the Ngati-Paoa invasion of Auckland written down in 1890 from Makiwhara, a participant in the affair. [Signed] George Graham, 28 December 1921' Auckland Library, Manuscripts and Archives, NZMS141
  10. 'Ngati-Tamatera of Hauraki tribal history and genealogies as recorded in Native Appeal Court evidence - Te Komata block, Paeroa, rehearing of title, 6-3-93 (et seq.) as noted by me [George Graham] when acting as clerk and interpreter for Rihitoto Mataia.' by George Graham, Auckland Library, Manuscripts and Archives, NZMS32
  11. 'Memorandum on the navigability of the Piako River and its strategic value in the case of war with the natives.' by Frederick Tynte Warburton, 1860s. GNZMS 195, Grey New Zealand Manuscripts, Auckland Library
  12. 'Log of HMS Miranda', Robert Jenkins, 1825-1894. Alexander Turnbull Library, qMS-1069

Journal and Newspaper Articles

  • Letter from Hoani Nahe dated 22 October 1872 and published in Te Waka Maori o Nui Tireni, Volume 8, No. 23, 1872, pp.155, 156. (See here).
  • 'Pare Hauraki Pare Waikato' by George Graham in Journal of the Polynesian Society, Volume 58, No. 2, 1949, pp.68-76 (see here)
  • 'Tainui' by George Graham in Journal of the Polynesian Society, Volume 60, No. 1, 1951, pp.80-92 (see here)

Books

  • Ashby, Henry:  The history and legends of the western coast of the Hauraki Gulf : from Kawakawa Bay to Kaiaua, centred mostly around Orere. Franklin Times Print 1964?
  • Furey, Louise: Oruarangi : the archaeology and material culture of a Hauraki pa. Auckland Institute and Museum 1996
  • Jones, Pei Te Hurinui and Bruce Biggs: Nga Iwi o Tainui, Auckland University Press 1995
  • Kelly, Leslie: Tainui : the story of Hoturoa and his descendants, Polynesian Society 1949
  • Mackay, James: Whakaaturanga o nga tikanga o te whakapuraretanga o Hauraki mo te mahinga koura / na Tiemi Make = Narrative of the opening of the Hauraki district for gold mining. W McCullough 1896
  • Monin, Paul: This is my place: Hauraki Contested 1769, 1875. Bridget Williams Books 2001
  • Tūroa, Taimoana: Te Takoto o te whenua o Hauraki, Hauraki Landmarks. Edited by Te Ahukaramū Charles Royal. Reed Books, Auckland 2000
  • Phillips, Caroline: Waihou Journeys: The Archaeology of 400 years of Maori Settlement, Auckland University Press 2000
  • Phillips, F.L: Landmarks of Tainui, Nga Tohu a Tainui : a geographical record of Tainui traditional history. Tohu Publishers 1995

Reports commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal

These reports are available publicly through the Ministry of Justice website. The links included below are to the Ministry of Justice website and I have brought them together here to make them easier to search for researchers of Hauraki iwi histories. I have also included a description of some of the reports.
  • ‘Kaiaua Township: A Scoping Report Commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal for Wai 72’, by Phillip Cleaver, June 1999. Discusses the Opita Block upon which modern day Kaiaua now stands. Commences with the 1869 investigation of the title and a claim by Hamiora Te Rangituatea on behalf of Ngāti Pāoa. The report lists 31 Ngāti Pāoa tupuna who have an interest in the block. Refers to the sale of the block in 1874-1878 to Thomas and William Smith before the discussing the protection of wāhi tapu. A brief section concerning the early days of Kaiaua (New Brighton) township is included and another concerning requests by Pokaitara Wikiriwhi of Ngāti Pāoa (and others) in 1932 and 1936 to set aside an existing burial ground, at the mouth of the Hauārahi stream, as a reserve.
  • ‘Papakitatahi A and Horahia Opou 5A: A Report commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal for Wai 174’ by Matthew Russell, June 1999. Discusses 2 of 14 blocks that are the subject of Wai 174, a claim lodged by Pat Bailey intially on behalf of Ngāti Kotinga and later amended to ‘Nga Whanau o Omahu’. Report commences with a discussion of the traditional history of Ngāti Kotinga including descent from Marutūahu and Whanaunga and connections with Ngāti Whanaunga, Ngāti Maru and Ngāti Pāoa. It touches on Ngāti Kotinga settlement along the Waihou River, the later impact of Ngāpuhi incursion and the move to and then return from Waikato. Chapter Three discusses Papakitatahi A a piece of land located in the Kauaeranga Valley. The chapter discusses the claim by Hawira of Ngāti Whanaunga. Chapter Four discussed Horahia Opou 5A. Chapter Five concludes the report by discussing other blocks addressed in Wai 174.
  • 'Te Horete 1 and Te Horete 2 Tairua Reserves: A Report Commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal for Wai 174 and Wai 694' by Phillip Cleaver, May 1999.

Dissertations

  • 'Whakaatuhia te hītoria o te iwi o Marutuahu me ōna hapū me ngā taonga o te whenua 1850-1880: Let the story be told: the iwi of Marutuahu and the discovery of gold, 1850-1880' by Judith Margaret-Mary Walsh. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Art in History, Massey University, 2006. 'This thesis is a study of the interaction between Māori and Pākehā in the Hauraki region during the period 1850 to 1880. It examines the role played by the iwi of Marutuahu: Ngāti Maru, Ngāti Paoa, Ngāti Tamatera, and Ngāti Whanaunga in gold mining in the Hauraki region during this period. Three Hauraki goldfields, namely Coromandel, Thames and Ohinemuri, have been chosen as case studies to analysis the economic, political and social impact this involvement had on their lives. It offers a different perspective from what has been written previously about the participation of the tangata whenua of Hauraki in gold mining as it attempts to represent the discovery of gold from a Māori perspective. It looks at the role of the rangatira in distributing and utilizing the gold revenues, and examines at the tension that existed between their role in traditional Māori society and the impact of 'modernization'. It is argued that Māori involvement in these goldfields was primarily of an economic and entrepreneurial nature and it was due to circumstances beyond their control that they were unable to make a financial success of goldmining. This thesis concludes that the Hauraki rangatira who entered into the arrangements with the Crown to open their land for mining did so with the intention of improving the lifestyle of their people and to enable them to reap the benefits from participating in the colonial economy and that at no stage did these rangatira foresee the loss of their land and the damage that would occur to their traditional lifestyle.'
  • 'The Confiscation of Pare Hauraki: The Impact of Te Ao Pākehā on the Iwi of Pare Hauraki Māori; On the whenua of Pare Hauraki 1835-1997 and The Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 Te Raupatutanga o Pare Hauraki' by Murray Hamaka Peters. A Thesis Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements For a Masters Degree at the University of Waikato 2007.  ABSTRACT “Kia mau ki te rangatiratanga o te Iwi o Hauraki”. Just as the whakataukī explains “Hold fast to the power and authority of the Hauraki tribes” the focus of this study is to examine and evaluate the impact of Te Ao Pākehā on Pare Hauraki lands and Tīkapa Moana under the mana of Pare Hauraki Māori3 and Pare Hauraki tikanga. The iwi of Pare Hauraki have land claims through the, (Wai 100) and the Hauraki Māori Trust Board, before the Waitangi Tribunal highlighting whenua issues and their impact on Pare Hauraki iwi. Also relevant is the foreshore and seabed issue which is documented leading on to the infamous Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, (for Māori anyway), sparking widespread opposition by Māori throughout the country, and other supportive non-Māori groups because of the issue concerning Māori kaitiiakitanga and guardianship roles. This investigation will commence by outlining the histories of discovery and settlement of Pare Hauraki, the concept of mana-whenua/mana-moana4 as it applies to Pare Hauraki Māori and our tikanga, and then to subsequent issues leading to land alienation of the early 19th to late 20th cenutries and then to the foreshore issue of the early 21st Century. This research will include information showing that before 1840 to Te Tiriti o Waitangi and thereafter that Pākehā and various Crown agents, through legislation claimed the rights to the lands, waterways and oceanic areas under the kaitiakitanga of my tupuna of Pare Hauraki. Tupuna and other iwi members have expressed their disgust seeing the mana of their traditional lands, waterways, oceanic areas and kaitiaki roles slipping away from them through these activities. Therefore, this thesis is a response to those issues and the impact on (a), Māori as a people, and our tikanga Māori and (b), Pare Hauraki Māori as the kaitiaki/guardians of the Pare Hauraki rohe/territory in accordance with tikanga Māori, and the significance of the responsibilities which arise out of the Māori concepts of kaitiakitanga, manaakitanga and rangatiratanga. 
  • 'Mataora Bay Native School : cross cultural perspectives in a rural setting, 1903-1930' by Cybele Locke 1995. (Dissertation, Bachelor of Arts with Honours). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2671. 'The white sands of Mataora Bay stretch between headlands, and remain as a resting place where the hills meet the sea. Nestled within these hills lies a valley that is the tuurangawaewae for those Ngaati Porou people whose tuupuna tended and lived upon this land. This community of people are now scattered but the care for the land continues by those managing the Mataora Block for the Tribal Incorporation. Beds of lilies and old rose bushes may be the only evidence of the Ngaati Porou settlement that lived here from the 1880s to the late 1950s but the wairua of these tupuna still sing to their mokopuna, who return at Christmas to camp beneath the shade of the pohutukawa trees. It is words of those who were involved in this community, and those who visited, that convey best the sense of how this place once lived. Te Kani Poata brought Michael King to Mataora Bay, and together their voices bring Mataora Bay to life: "Close to the beach was a collapsed meeting house. As we walked among these ruins, Te Kani spoke of his early life there: who had lived in which house, where the vegetable gardens were, the routines for fishing off the beach, where in the bush behind they had taken pigeon and kiwi for the pot. He also pointed out an enormous pohutukawa halfway along the beach which covered the burial site of an earlier people. 'There's taonga there. And bones,' he said, 'And if anybody touched them they drowned. Or suffered some other catastrophe."'Over a period of five years, from 1903 to 1908, different people from this community wrote to the Department of Education or members of parliament, requesting a Maaori school (or Native school as they were called then) to be built in this valley at Mataora Bay. There were many delays but finally, in 1905, Inspector of Native Schools, William Bird, made a surprise visit to Mataora Bay to survey the lie of the land and to check on how many school-aged children resided at Mataora. This is a description he gave to the Inspector General of Schools: "Mataora Bay is a small inlet in the Bay of Plenty Coast and is reached by road to Whangamata for some distance, and by a narrow, and in worst weather, dangerous track for the rest. The settlement is not a large one, there being only eight or nine houses. Further north, about one mile and a half away is another small settlement called Whiritoa. The people are Ringatus (Hauhaus) and were at a religious service when I arrived."... According to Te Kani Poata and Agnes Ainsley, who have both lived and spent time at Mataora, this block of land was gifted by the Hauraki tribes on the peninsula to those Ngaati Porou people who wished to use the land as a resting place for their canoes, during the nineteenth century. King adds also, that this land was gifted to Ngaati Porou by way of thanks for their assistance in fighting Ngaa Puhi and as a place of call to trade. In the wider picture, these gifts of land at Mataora Bay and at Kennedy's Bay assisted the settlement of other East Coast Maaori on different parts of the Coromandel peninsula and provided homes for those Arawa survivors of the eruption at Tarawera during the 1880s. Mrs Agnus Ainsley recalls that a chief called Ngaati Hako, had two daughters and one daughter wished to marry a Ngaati Porou man. In order for them to have a home together, Ngaati Hako gave them Mataora Bay to settle on. Mrs Ainsley does not know of any others who remember this story but as part of the progression of East Coast settlement, this incident has significance. According to the title looked at on 26th July, 1906, the Memorial of Ownership was held by Ropata Ngatai and 79 others, dated 23rd June, 1880.

How to cite this article

How to cite this article: 'Sources of Information concerning Hauraki Iwi Histories', an article by Te Ahukaramū Charles Royal, published to the Hauraki Iwi History Blog (www.haurakiiwihistory.blogspot.co.nz), 3 March 2021. Updated 1 February 2022.

Please note that the author reserves the right to alter, change, edit and delete any content in this article without notice and at any time.

(c) C Royal 2021

Except for the purposes of reasonable quoting for research purposes, no part or whole of this blog and its content may be reproduced in any form without the permission of Te Ahukaramū Charles Royal. When quoting from this blog, please ensure all source details are included in your text.



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